Upconversion nanoparticles demonstrate unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a considerable concern. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It examines various aspects, incl

Zinc oxide is a substance renowned for its remarkable ability to safeguard delicate skin. This calming element has long been used in a number of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its remarkable protective properties. Forming a physical defense on the skin's exterior, zinc oxide effectively reflects harmful UV rays,